In the context of the Agreement in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding on trade in textile and clothing products between the European Community and the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Agreed Minute thereto initialled in Brussels on 5 December and more particularly with reference to the possible reintroduction of quotas in the event of a failure by Sri Lanka to fulfil the obligations referred to in Point 6 the Parties declare that the commitments made concerning non-tariff barriers are bilateral commitments entered into between the parties independently of any multilateral commitments also applicable to the Parties.

In the context of the Agreement in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding on trade in textile and clothing products between the European Community and the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Agreed Minute thereto initialled in Brasilia on 8 August 2002, and more particularly with reference to the possible reintroduction of quotas in the event of a failure by Brazil to fulfil the obligations referred to in paragraphs 2 and 5 in the same way as Brazil retains the right to suspend the application of its commitments on paragraphs 2 and 5, should the European Community re-apply quotas in a manner consistent with its obligations under this Memorandum of Understanding or fail to fulfil any of the obligations contained in paragraph 5, the Parties declare that the commitments entered into concerning non-tariff barriers are bilateral commitments entered into between the Parties independently of any multilateral commitments also applicable to the Parties.

by the use of tariff or non-tariff barriers, and

They also cover tariff and non-tariff trade barriers(89).

trade barriers imposed by law, such as tariffs, quotas etc,

trade barriers imposed by law, such as tariffs, quotas etc.,

an estimate of the extent to which any quotas, tariffs or non-tariff barriers to trade, affect these imports;

study and devise ways of overcoming trade barriers and in particular non-tariff and quasitariff barriers in the various sectors of trade, taking into account the relevant work undertaken in this field by the international organizations concerned;

to work towards the elimination of barriers to trade and implement measures to improve transparency, in particular through the timely removal of non-tariff barriers in accordance with work done in this connection by WTO and other international bodies;

achieve improved access to markets for textile and clothing products through such measures as tariff reductions and bindings, reduction or elimination of non-tariff barriers, and facilitation of customs, administrative and licensing formalities;

In this context, they shall grant each other the most favourable conditions for imports and exports and they agree to examine ways and means of eliminating barriers to trade between them, notably non-tariff barriers, taking account of their different systems and the work already done in this connection by international organizations.

BEING DESIROUS of contributing to these objectives by enterinig into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations,

They shall also apply to imported products under non-discriminatory conditions, including the detailed arrangements and any tariffs imposed for access to the systems, and shall be designed so as to avoid barriers to trade or distortions of competition in conformity with the Treaty.

The European Community and Switzerland hereby declare their intention, jointly and in particular in the light of the provisions of the WTO, to review Switzerland's method of administering its tariff quotas for meat with a view to arriving at a method of administration that is less of a barrier to trade.

Entry barriers may result from a wide variety of factors such as economies of scale and scope, government regulations, especially where they establish exclusive rights, state aid, import tariffs, intellectual property rights, ownership of resources where the supply is limited due to for instance natural limitations(30), essential facilities, a first mover advantage and brand loyalty of consumers created by strong advertising.

tariff and non-tariff barriers, quantitative restrictions on imports and exports and measures having equivalent effect:

to permit the removal of non-tariff and non-quota barriers likely to impede access to either market;

to study and devise ways of overcoming trade barriers and in particular existing non-tariff and quasi-tariff barriers in the various sectors of trade, taking into account the work undertaken in this field by the international organizations concerned;

To this end, the Contracting Parties agree to study ways and means of eliminating barriers to trade between them, in particular non-tariff and quasi-tariff barriers, taking into account the work carried out by international organizations in this field.

The Contracting Parties agree to examine ways and means of eliminating barriers to trade between them, particularly non-tariff barriers, taking account of the work done in this connection by international organizations.

In no case shall non-tariff barriers be applied in trade in textile products between the Community and Bulgaria after the transitional period provided for in Article 7 of the Agreement.

They shall grant each other the highest degree of liberalization of imports and exports which they generally apply third countries and they agree to examine ways and means of progressively eliminating barriers to trade between them, notably non-tariff barriers, taking account of the work already done in this connection by international organizations.

The Contracting Parties agree to examine ways and means of eliminating non-tariff and like barriers and, taking account of the work done by international organizations, they will commit themselves to a policy aimed at:

Participants shall meet periodically under the auspices of the Council on Trade in Goods to review the product coverage specified in the Attachments, with a view to agreeing by consensus whether, in the light of technological developments, experience in applying the tariff concessions, or changes to the HS nomenclature, the Attachments should be modified to incorporate additional products, and to consult on non-tariff barriers to trade in information technology products.