(b) the joint carrying-out of studies on the probable impact of general circumstances external to the interested undertakings, either on the frequency or scale of future claims for a given risk or risk category or on the profitability of different types of investment (hereinafter "studies"), and the distribution of the results of such studies;

The significant increase of the sales volume (around 850 %) and of the market shares of the subsidised imports (from 1,4 to 11,1%) between 1994 and the investigation period as well as the substantial price undercutting found coincided with the deterioration of the situation of the Community industry in terms of loss of market shares, price depression as well as deteriorating profitability.

To help stabilize the export earnings from natural rubber of exporting members, and to increase their earnings based on expanding natural rubber export volumes at fair and remunerative prices, thereby helping to provide the necessary incentives for a dynamic and rising rate of production and the resources for accelerated economic growth and social development;

As the volume of standard potash sold at a net sales price equal to or above the cost of production (profitable sales) represented more than 80 % of the total sales volume of that grade and since the weighted average price was higher than the weighted average cost of production, normal value was based on the actual price on the North American market for Russia, calculated as a weighted average of the prices of all sales of standard potash made by each company during the investigation period, whether profitable or not.

The significant increase of the sales volume (around 1 250 %) and of the market shares of the subsidised imports (from 0,3 % to 3,3 %) between 1994 and the investigation period as well as the substantial price undercutting found (26 % on weighted average for India) coincided with the deterioration of the situation of the Community industry in terms of loss of market shares, price depression as well as deteriorating profitability.

As set out in recitals 236 to 238 of the provisional Regulation, it is recalled that the conclusion of material injury of the Community industry was based on the fact that the Community industry, faced with subsidised imports, could not follow the growing trend of the market, steadily lost market share between 1994 and the investigation period, and was only able to keep its sales volume and prices stable at the expense of its profitability which became.

As set out in recitals 237 and 238 of the provisional Regulation, it is recalled that the conclusion of material injury of the Community industry was based on the fact that the Community industry, faced with subsidised imports, could not follow the growing trend of the market, never did recover its position on the market and was only able to keep its sales volume stable at the expense of its profitability situation which, in a context of depressed sales prices, strongly deteriorated.

However, in the wake of the general instability experienced by the world steel market, the Community industry's prices, which were also subject to the downward pressure of prices of imports from Russia, decreased by around 8 % between 1997 and 1998. Despite the significant restructuring efforts undertaken by the Community producers, their substantial gains in productivity as well as their improved situation in terms of sales volumes, the drop in prices resulted, from 1998 to the IP, in a steady decline in the profitability of the Community industry.

The trend for REWS as a whole can be explained by an increased sales volume and turnover resulting from the 'euro effect' as explained at recital 64. It should be noted that the Community industry could not achieve an acceptable profit level in the years prior to the existence of the 'euro-effect' and profitability was only at levels sufficient to maintain the Community industry's viability in the investigation period because the 'euro-effect' had increased sales volume.

In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain a long-term minimum return to the most economic, producers, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the levels of the minimum prices set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants.

In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain a long-term minimum return to the most economic producers, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the levels of the minimum prices set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants.

In undertaking this review the Committee shall take account in particular, to the extent relevant and necessary, of costs faced by producers, other relevant economic factors of the world market, the need to maintain stability of supply and to ensure acceptable prices to consumers, and the current market situation and shall have regard to the desirability of improving the relationship between the level of the minimum price set out in paragraph 2 (b) of the present Article and the dairy support levels in the major producing participants.

This increase in prices would enable the Community industry to recover profitability and to a certain extent increase sales volume.

(10) For those product types where the volume of domestic sales was lower than 5 % of the volume exported to the Community, or where the volume of profitable domestic sales was less than 10 %, domestic sales of those product types were considered insufficient within the meaning of Article 2(2)(4) of the Basic Regulation and were therefore disregarded.

Where, per product type, the volume of profitable transactions was lower than 80 % but not lower than 10 % of sales, normal value was established on the basis of the weighted average prices actually paid for the remaining profitable domestic sales.

The average profitability of the sampled complainant Community producers went from +1,3 % in 1994 to -0,6 % in 1997. The investigation has shown that despite a moderate increase in average sales prices and production volume, the Community industry's sales and subsequently its market share have fallen (by 9 % and 9 percentage points respectively).

sales volume, sales prices, profitability, return on investments and cash flow.

This resulted in an improved profitability but at the expense of a further loss of volume of sales and market share.

Moreover, the Community financing rate should be differentiated according to the extent to which the project's economic benefits exceed its financial profitability.

The serious injury suffered by the Community producers took the form mainly of reduced sales volume, reduced unit prices and worsening profitability and financial losses.

Give your best estimate of the minimum viable scale for the entry into the relevant product market(s) in terms of appropriate market share necessary to operate profitably.

This item shall comprise negotiable debt securities including fixed-income securities issued by credit institutions, by other undertakings or by public bodies;

Whereas an outbreak of such diseases can quickly take on epizootic proportions, causing mortality and disturbances on a scale liable to reduce severely the profitability of aquaculture;

However, between 1998 and the IP the Community industry had to reduce its prices to match those of the imports concerned, in order to maintain volume of sales, with the resulting deterioration of profitability.

In particular, the Commission notes that whilst, in 2001/02, as imports more than doubled (44804 tonnes), the Community producers' sales volume in the Community reached a low level (36156 tonnes) and the Community producers' profitability fell to (- 1,7 %).

For those product types where the volume of domestic sales was lower than 5 % of the volume exported to the Community, or where the volume of profitable domestic sales was less than 10 %, domestic sales of those product types were considered insufficient within the meaning of Article 2(2)(4) of the Basic Regulation and were therefore disregarded.

This item shall comprise negotiable debt securities and other fixed-income securities issued by credit institutions, by other undertakings or by public bodies, in so far as they are not covered by item C (II) (2) or (4).

As far as the level of profitable sales was concerned, this had been determined on the basis of those sales prices found to be above the unit cost of production, in accordance with Article 2(4) of Regulation (EC) No 384/96 (the "basic Regulation").

This will be taken to be the case of measures which are so small in size as to be focussed on only a few projects, and which are not economically viable, or of measures set up solely or principally to provide finance to a particular enterprise known in advance.

In their injury submission, the exporting producers stated that the low profitability of bed linen is inherent to this industry, which is characterised by large volumes of production and very high competition.

Between 1996 and 1998 the Community industry increased sales prices, to match the increase in costs, with the resulting loss of volume of production, sales and market share but with a certain improvement in profitability.

This fall in prices taken together with the fall in sales volume occurred at the same time as the Community producers' profitability fell from 6,8 % to (- 1,7 %) in 2001/02 and this trend continued into a worse loss making situation (- 4,3 %) in 2002/03.

The fall in consumption in 2002/03 coincided with a fall in sales volumes, prices and profitability for the Community producers and the Commission has concludes that that fall in consumption was a contributory factor in the serious injury suffered by the Community producers.

Indeed, between 1996 and 1998 the Community industry production volume increased (+ 17 %) and capacity utilisation rate was high, sales volume also increased (+ 21 %) while sales prices remained stable and the industry was still profitable (in terms of return on net turnover, return on total assets and cash flow position).

Indeed, between 1996 and 1998 the Community industry production volume increased (+17 %) and capacity utilisation rate was high, sales volume also increased (+21 %) while sales prices remained stable and the industry was still profitable (in terms of return on net turnover, return on total assets and cash flow position).

However, prices from the countries concerned continued to be the lowest, especially for potash of Russian origin, negatively influencing sales volumes, market share and profitability of the Community industry, in spite of the restricted imports originating in the said three countries.

Despite the significant restructuring efforts undertaken by the Community producers, their substantial gains in productivity as well as their improved situation in terms of sales volumes, the drop in prices resulted, from 1998 to the IP, in a steady decline in the profitability of the Community industry.

In respect of life assurance this item shall comprise, on the one hand, investments the value of which is used to determine the value of or the return on policies relating to an investment fund and, on the other hand, investments serving as cover for liabilities which are determined by reference to an index.

This item shall comprise technical provisions constituted to cover liabilities relating to investment in the context of life assurance policies the value of or the return on which is determined by reference to investments for which the policyholder bears the risk, or by reference to an index.

The lack of sales volume in the low priced market segments for the Community industry could not be compensated by sales of high profit niche products, this resulting in reducing notably market share, investments, profitability and return on investment of the Community industry.

It should be noted that the Community industry could not achieve an acceptable profit level in the years prior to the existence of the "euro-effect" and profitability was only at levels sufficient to maintain the Community industry's viability in the investigation period because the "euro-effect" had increased sales volume.

In general, whereas a price increase helps the Community industry recover profitability, other exporters not targeted by the measures as well as the Community industry via a higher use of production capacity might increase their supply, which in turn has to keep pace with demand and find a new balance at lower level of prices.

the joint carrying-out of studies on the probable impact of general circumstances external to the interested undertakings, either on the frequency or scale of future claims for a given risk or risk category or on the profitability of different types of investment (hereinafter "studies"), and the distribution of the results of such studies;

the fact that an industry is still in the process of recovering from the effects of past dumping, injurious pricing or subsidization, the magnitude of the actual margin of injurious pricing, actual and potential decline in sales, profits, output, market share, productivity, return on investments, utilization of capacity;

The Commission noted that, having ensured the effects of other factors are not attributed to increased imports, that there is a genuine and substantial causal link between the decline in the Community producers' sales volume, sales prices and profitability and the increase in imports, which not only increased at a much faster rate than the increase in consumption between 2000/01 and 2001/02, but increased whilst consumption fell from 1998/99 to 2000/01 and in 2002/03.

The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in certain Member States in 2001 demonstrated that due to intensive movement of and trade in animals susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease, an outbreak can quickly take on epizootic proportions, causing disturbances on a scale liable to reduce sharply the profitability of farming of animals of susceptible species and other parts of the rural economy and also requiring substantial financial resources to compensate farmers and the application of control measures.

For those product types where more than 80 % by volume of sales on the domestic market were not below unit costs and where the weighted average sales price was equal to or higher than the weighted average production cost, normal value, by product type, was calculated as the weighted average of all domestic sales prices during the IP, paid or payable by independent customers, of the type in question irrespective of whether these sales were profitable or not.

The High-Level Group on the trans-European transport network chaired by Mr Karel Van Miert expressed concern that the delays in the cross-border sections of the priority projects on the trans-European transport network (TEN) were having an adverse effect on the profitability of the investments made by the Member States in the sections in their own country, denying them the benefit of economies of scale, and recommended that the rate of Community financing should be differentiated, according to the benefits to other countries, in particular the neighbouring countries, stressing that such modulation should in the first instance benefit the cross-border projects used by long-distance transport services.

The examination of the impact of the dumped imports on the Community industry concerned shall include an evaluation of all relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on the state of the industry, including the fact that an industry is still in the process of recovering from the effects of past dumping or subsidization, the magnitude of the actual margin of dumping, actual and potential decline in sales, profits, output, market share, productivity, return on investments, utilization of capacity; factors affecting Community prices;

In conclusion, the market conditions applying to this product and the factors listed above demonstrate that the price pressure resulting directly from subsidization of Thai imports, and the consequent rapid increase in combined import volumes from Thailand, has led to injury of the Community industry, i.e. inadequate and reduced profitability, loss of market shares and decline of production, employment and capacity utilization.