The net cost of universal service obligations may be shared between all or certain specified classes of undertaking.

There are incentives for designated operators to raise the assessed net cost of universal service obligations.

Member States should, where necessary, establish mechanisms for financing the net cost of universal service obligations in cases where it is demonstrated that the obligations can only be provided at a loss or at a net cost which falls outside normal commercial standards.

The overall net cost of universal service obligations to any undertaking is to be calculated as the sum of the net costs arising from the specific components of universal service obligations, taking account of any intangible benefits.

Then, the closing balance sheet presents in the row the opening stock of liabilities (cell 12, 10), both components of changes in liabilities (cells 12, 7 and 12, 9), and the closing net worth (10951), see cell (12, 13).

The contribution liability of members in arrears shall be reduced in the same proportion as the refund bears to the total net cash contributions.

he shows that he has complied with the non-marketing or conversion commitment or with the specific production rules applicable to him under national law,

to share the net cost of universal service obligations between providers of electronic communications networks and services.

Taxes and social contributions payable to the general government and unlikely to be collected are, in the same accounting period which has generated the liability, neutralised in the calculation of the net lending/net borrowing of the general government sector and of the counterpart sectors (see point 1.57).`

The sector accounts also include balance sheets to describe the stocks of assets, liabilities and net worth at the beginning and the end of the accounting period.

Changes in assets are recorded on the left-hand side of the accounts (plus or minus), changes in liabilities and net worth on the right-hand side (plus or minus).

The financial account records, by type of financial instrument, the changes in the financial assets and liabilities that compose net lending or borrowing.

Account 8, the financial account, opens with net lending of the total economy (cell 8, 7) and adds financial transactions between resident sectors (553) on the diagonal and also the net incurrence of external liabilities (50), see cell (8, 18).

The balance sheets show the total assets and liabilities of the various units at the beginning and end of the accounting period, together with their net worth.

The aim of the balance sheets is to give a picture of the assets, liabilities and net worth of units at the start and end of the accounting period and of changes between balance sheets.

In the secondary distribution of income account net premiums earned are shown as payable by all policyholder sectors and receivable by the insurance sector.

CALCULATING THE NET COST, IF ANY, OF UNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATIONS AND ESTABLISHING ANY RECOVERY OR SHARING MECHANISM IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLES 12 AND 13

Accumulation accounts cover changes in assets and liabilities and changes in net worth (the difference for any institutional unit or group of units between its assets and liabilities).

Accumulation accounts analyse the various components of changes in the assets and liabilities of units and make it possible to record changes in net worth (the difference between assets and liabilities).

The calculation of the net cost of specific aspects of universal service obligations is to be made separately and so as to avoid the double counting of any direct or indirect benefits and costs.

The changes in balance sheet account records changes in the value of assets and liabilities in the course of the accounting period and aggregates the amounts recorded in the various accumulation accounts, i. e. change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers, change in net worth due to other volume changes in assets and change in net worth due to nominal holding gains and losses.

net equity of households in pension funds reserves (F. 612), also shown as a change (negative if necessary) in funds' liabilities and household reserves.

When a universal service obligation represents an unfair burden on an undertaking, it is appropriate to allow Member States to establish mechanisms for efficiently recovering net costs.

the opening stock of external assets (573), see cell (20, 22), the opening stock of external liabilities (297), see cell (22, 20), the opening net external financial position of the rest of the world vis-a-vis the total economy (276), see cell (23, 20), total changes in the net external financial position of the rest of the world (-34), see cell (23, 21), and the closing financial position of the rest of the world vis-a-vis the total economy (242), see cell (22, 23).

In the financial account, the item net equity of households in life insurance reserves is shown as a change (negative if necessary) in households' assets and life insurance enterprises' liabilities.

In the use of disposable income account, an adjustment for change in net equity of households in pension funds reserves (D. 8) is recorded as receivable by households and payable by funds.

First, the opening balance sheet gives in the row the opening stock of assets (16714), see cell (10, 12), and in the column the opening stock of liabilities (6298), see cell (12, 10), and the opening net worth (10416), see cell (13, 10).

In the financial account, net equity of policyholders in non-life insurance reserves is shown as a change in assets of policyholder sectors and a change in liabilities of the insurance sector.

calculate the net cost of the universal service obligation, taking into account any market benefit which accrues to an undertaking designated to provide universal service, in accordance with Annex IV, Part A;

Similarly, with few exceptions, the financial account and other changes in assets accounts record increases in assets and in liabilities on a net basis, bringing out the final consequences of these types of flows at the end of the accounting period.

Failure by non-traditional operators to comply with the obligation to register in only one Member State shall lead to the rejection of all applications for registration that have been submitted and the cancellation of any annual allocation already granted.

Such designation methods shall ensure that universal service is provided in a cost-effective manner and may be used as a means of determining the net cost of the universal service obligation in accordance with Article 12.

The change in net equity of non-resident households on life insurance reserves is shown in the financial account of the rest of the world as a change in the rest of the world's assets and the insurance sector's liabilities.

Where a mechanism for sharing the net cost of universal service obligations as referred to in Article 13 is established, national regulatory authorities shall ensure that the principles for cost sharing, and details of the mechanism used, are publicly available.

General government revenue comprises ESA 95 categories recorded under the resource or changes in liabilities in net worth side of the sequence of non-financial accounts for general government, with the exception of D.39 which is recorded under the use side of general government accounts.

It is important to ensure that the net cost of universal service obligations is properly calculated and that any financing is undertaken with minimum distortion to the market and to undertakings, and is compatible with the provisions of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty.

Hynix's net profit margin, return on assets and return on equity were negative in nearly every year since 1997, with net margins reaching minus 24,3 % in 2000 and a minus 93,83 % in 2001. In any year from 1997 to 1999, the company's cash flow from operations was not enough to cover even one sixth of its debt or total liabilities.

General government expenditure comprises ESA 95 categories recorded under the use side, or the changes in assets side or the changes in liabilities and net worth side of the sequence of accounts for general government, with the exception of D.3 which is recorded under the resource side of general government accounts.

The recovery or financing of any net costs of universal service obligations requires designated undertakings with universal service obligations to be compensated for the services they provide under non-commercial conditions.

Hynix's net profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity were negative in nearly every year since 1997, with net margins reaching negative 24,3 % in 2000 and a negative 93,83 % in 2001. In every year from 1997 to 1999, the company's cash flow from operations was not enough to cover even one sixth of its debt or total liabilities.

Where Member States decide to finance the net cost of universal service obligations from public funds, this should be understood to comprise funding from general government budgets including other public financing sources such as state lotteries.

Fifthly, the account for other changes in assets presents in the row such changes of assets (7), see cell (19, 22), and in the column such changes of liabilities (3), see cell (22, 19), and also the balancing item, changes in the net external financial position due to other changes (4), see cell (21, 19).

Each member's share in the Buffer Stock Account shall comprise its net cash contribution, reduced or increased by its shares in deficits or surpluses in the Buffer Stock Account, and reduced by its liability, if any, for outstanding interest on arrears.

The accounts and/or other information serving as the basis for the calculation of the net cost of universal service obligations under paragraph 1(a) shall be audited or verified by the national regulatory authority or a body independent of the relevant parties and approved by the national regulatory authority.

bilateral contracts for novation between a credit institution and its counterparty under which mutual claims and obligations are automatically amalgamated in such a way that this novation fixes one single net amount each time novation applies and thus creates a legally binding, single new contract extinguishing former contracts;

The account for other changes in assets, account 9, records in the row the changes in assets due to other changes (379), see cell (9, 12), and in the column the changes in liabilities due to other changes (74), see cell (12, 9), and the balancing item, changes in net worth due to other changes (305), see cell (11, 9).

a credit institution must have made available to the competent authorities written and reasoned legal opinions to the effect that, in the event of a legal challenge, the relevant courts and administrative authorities would, in the cases described under (i), find that the credit institution's claims and obligations would be limited to the net sum, as described in (i), under:

This Agreement shall enter into force definitively on 29 December 1995 or on any date thereafter, if by that date Governments accounting for at least 80 per cent of net exports as set out in Annex A to this Agreement, and Governments accounting for at least 80 per cent of net imports as set out in Annex B to this Agreement, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or have assumed full financial commitment to this Agreement.

Taking into account intangible benefits means that an estimate in monetary terms, of the indirect benefits that an undertaking derives by virtue of its position as provider of universal service, should be deducted from the direct net cost of universal service obligations in order to determine the overall cost burden.

the service charge is recorded as imports of services (P. 72), attributed property income is shown in the external account of primary incomes and current transfers as payable by the rest of the world and receivable by households, and change in net equity is shown as a change in households' assets and the rest of the world's liabilities.