The JRC will contribute to risk assessment on existing dangerous substances with attention paid to the migration of harmful compounds from materials in contact with humans and food, e.g. plasticisers in toys and the harmful effects of cosmetics.

The risk characterization shall entail an evaluation of the likelihood that an adverse effect will be caused under the known or the reasonably foreseeable conditions of use.

The elements of the risk assessment outlined in points 1 and 2 of Annex III requires consideration of potentially harmful effects to human health and the environment.

In the original investigation, the injurious effects of Chinese dumped imports had been assessed and established cumulatively with imports from three other third countries.

On the basis of the conclusions reached in steps 2 and 3, an estimate of the risk of adverse effects should be made for each hazard identified in step 1.

Whereas the assessment of risks should be based on a comparison of the potential adverse effects of a substance with the reasonably foreseeable exposure of man and the environment to that substance;

Actual exposure data for the relevant exposure route(s) must be reported where the risk assessment indicates that a health-based limit value is exceeded.

The first stage in the assessment process should be to identify the harmful properties of the recipient and, where appropriate, the donor micro-organism, any harmful properties associated with the vector or inserted material, including any alteration in the recipient's existing properties.

Apart from the likelihood that the potential harmful characteristics will occur (see Chapter 4.2.3, step 3), evaluating the magnitude of the consequences is an important part of risk assessment.

Because of the high safety margin (19-fold at this no-effect level), these neoplastic changes are not considered relevant for the situation in humans.

The study must be conducted when dermal exposure is a significant exposure route and where the risk assessment indicates that a health-based limit value is exceeded.

Whereas the assessments of risks should be based on a comparison of the potential adverse effects of a substance with the known or reasonably foreseeable exposure of man and the environment to that substance;

prepare surveys showing major point sources of discharges of harmful materials (discharge charts), estimate water pollution from diffuse sources and extrapolate both of these,

an assessment carried out in the light of available scientific and technical knowledge shows that there will be no deleterious effect, either immediate or delayed, on the aquatic environment;

For each adverse effect identified, the relative likelihood of the consequence can probably not be assessed quantitatively, but it can be expressed in terms of "high", "moderate", "low" or "negligible".

persons conducting in-service training or assessment on board ship do so only when such training or assessment will not adversely affect the normal operation of the ship and they can dedicate their time and attention to training or assessment;

or the evaluation of the potential for adverse effects on human or animal health arising from the presence of additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food, beverages or feedstuffs.

Risk assessment in accordance with Article 4 shall take account of the potential adverse effects which may occur in the following human populations exposed or liable to be exposed to substances with the following properties.

make the necessary assessments of the nature, extent and possible consequences of the pollution incident or, as the case may be, the type and approximate quantity of oil or hazardous and noxious substances and the direction and speed of drift of the spillage;

For repeated-dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity, the dose-response relationship shall be assessed and, where possible, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) identified.

an assessment carried out in the light of available scientific and technical knowledge shows that there will be no detrimental effect, either immediate or delayed, on underground waters, the soil or the atmosphere;

"Critical load" means a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur, according to present knowledge;

Circumstances in which required The study must be conducted when dermal exposure is a significant exposure route and where the risk assessment indicates that a health-based limit value is exceeded.

critical load means a quantitative estimate of exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to current knowledge.

Risk assessment in accordance with Article 4 shall take account of the potential adverse effects which may occur in the following human populations liable to exposure to substances with the following properties.

In its proposal, the Commission shall take into account and assess the cost-effectiveness of the various measures for reducing pollutant and noise emissions and shall present proportionate and reasonable measuring having regard to the intended aims.

'critical load` means a quantitative estimate of the exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge;

Where a Member State considers that a maximum level fixed in Annex II might endanger the health of humans or of animals other than harmful organisms, that Member State may temporarily reduce that level in its own territory.

On the basis of an assessment of the data base, and the relevant decision making criteria and guidelines, justifications must be submitted for the Noaels proposed for each relevant study.

It is considered that without maintaining the anti-dumping measures imposed in the previous investigation, injurious dumping is likely to recur and that the situation of the Community industry, which worsened during the period under review, will further deteriorate.

Thus, the extent of any injurious dumping caused by an exporting producer to the Community industry should be assessed on the actual market situation and on the basis of specific data verified for each company.

'critical load` means a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur, according to present knowledge;

It is considered that without maintaining the anti-dumping measures established in the previous investigation, injurious dumping is likely to continue/recur and that the situation of the Community industry, which is still fragile, will deteriorate.

propose specific action for the reduction of discharges of harmful materials from the point sources of both local authorities and industry and from diffuse sources and further measures including timetables and a cost assessment,

"critical load" means a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant adverse effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur, according to present knowledge;

In identifying priority hazardous substances, account should be taken of the precautionary principle, relying in particular on the determination of any potentially adverse effects of the product and on a scientific assessment of the risk.

The presence of such risks shall be assessed through risk-assessment procedures taking into account the characteristic and function of the soil, the type and concentration of the harmful substances, preparations, organisms or micro-organisms, their risk and the possibility of their dispersion.

in cases of products intended for use as human food or animal feed, the risk assessment pursuant to Directive 90/220/EEC is concerned with the assessment of whether the genetic modification could result in any toxic or harmful effects for human health or the environment,

On 30 April 1999, as requested by the Commission, the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures relating to Public Health (SCVPH) issued an opinion concerning the assessment of potential adverse effects to human health from hormone residues in bovine meat and meat products.

in the case of products intended for use as human food or animal feed, risk assessment under Directive 90/220/EEC determines whether the genetic modification is liable to result in any toxic or other harmful effects for human health and the environment,

Plant protection products must be tested in circumstances where the target harmful organism has been shown to have been present at a level causing or known to cause adverse effects (yield, quality, operational benefit) on an unprotected crop or area or on plants or plant products which have not been treated or where the harmful organism is present at such a level that an evaluation of the plant protection product can be made.

Moreover, if some metabolites are suspected for endocrine disrupting activity, it is recommended to determine if these have potential to result in adverse affects as soon as validated testing schemes to assess such adverse effects are available.

General surveillance is largely based on routine observation ("look - see" approach) and should be used to identify the occurrence of unforeseen adverse effects of the GMO or its use for human health and the environment that were not predicted in the risk assessment.

Risk assessment - The evaluation of the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease within the territory of an importing Member according to the sanitary or phytosanitary measures which might be applied, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences;

In order to assess seasonal differences, if any, sufficient data must be generated and submitted to confirm the performance of the plant protection product in each agronomically and climatically different region for each particular crop (or commodity)/harmful organism combination.

Following the adoption of the ABR by the DSB the interested parties in this proceeding, i.e. the Brazilian exporting producer and the Community industry ("CI"), received disclosure of the facts and considerations on the dumping calculation and the injury factors mentioned under recital 3(ii).

'risk characterization' is the estimation of the incidence and severity of the adverse effects likely to occur in a human population or environmental sphere due to actual or predicted exposure to a substance, and may include 'risk estimation', i.e. the quantification of that likelihood.

For each substance notified in accordance with Article 7 (1), Article 8 (1) or Article 8 (2) of Directive 67/548/EEC, the competent authority shall carry out a risk assessment, the first stage of which shall be hazard identification which shall address, as a minimum, the properties and potential adverse effects specified in Annexes IA and IIA.

Whereas, in order to be able to apply correctly the new instrument for combating injurious pricing, the Commission must take all necessary steps to ascertain, in the large conglomerates and holdings of third countries, the validity of accounting charges when the cost price structure needs to be estimated;

Given the analysis, which has properly distinguished and separated the effects of all the known factors on the situation of the Community industry from the injurious effects of the dumped imports, it is hereby confirmed that these other factors as such do not reverse the fact that the injury assessed must be attributed to the dumped imports.