Until the judgment is rendered, the defendant may without the consent by the plaintiff withdraw the acknowledgment of claim made at the hearing or in a pleading without the consent by the plaintiff.

The amendment of action under the first paragraph of the present Article shall be subject to consent by the person who is to enter the litigation in place of the defendant.

1 Where an incident has caused pollution damage in the territory, including the territorial sea, or in an area referred to in article 2(a)(ii) of one or more States Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimise pollution damage in such territory, including the territorial sea, or in such area, actions for compensation against the shipowner, insurer or other person providing security for the shipowner's liability may be brought only in the courts of any such States Parties.

The courts of Contracting States before which claims referred to in Article 1 are brought shall of their own motion decide whether or not they have jurisdiction pursuant to Articles 2 to 6.

In the latter event the proceedings must be instituted within the period of two months provided for in Article III-365 of the Constitution. The second paragraph of Article III-367 of the Constitution shall apply.

If the intervener has joined the litigation before the decision in respect of the cause of action becomes final, he shall also be allowed to lodge an appeal for extraordinary judicial review with the Supreme Court.

If the State concerned does not comply with the opinion within the period laid down by the Commission, the latter may bring the matter before the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Proceedings against the Union in matters arising from non-contractual liability shall be barred after a period of five years from the occurrence of the event giving rise thereto.

Before a Member State brings an action against another Member State for an alleged infringement of an obligation under the Constitution, it shall bring the matter before the Commission.

The amendment of action shall deem to include the change of identity of the cause of action, the increase of amount of the existing claim, and claiming of relief in respect of another cause of action in addition to the existing one.

Until the completion of the main hearing, the plaintiff may amend the action also by way of suing another person instead of the defendant.

Without prejudice to the provision of Article 276 of the present Act, in emergency cases the court may fix the hearing immediately after the preliminary examination of action.

The defendant shall submit documents and adduce evidence supporting the statements contained in the defense plea.

If the plaintiff or his statutory representative fails to appoint the authorised person in a given time period, the court shall reject the action.

The court shall issue a payment order even if the plaintiff has not applied to this effect, provided that the conditions exists for the issuance thereof.

Until the judgment has been rendered, the plaintiff may withdraw without the consent by the defendant the relinquishment of claim made at the hearing or in a pleading.

(4) The entity referred to in the preceding paragraph of this article may file a lawsuit only after a consultation with a national body, responsible for consumer protection.

In addition to the event referred to in Article 466 of the present Act, each party may bring an action for annulment of the arbitration agreement;-

The examination of the action for disturbance of possession shall be strictly confined to the assessment and proving of facts relating to the last state of possession.

Notwithstanding paragraph 11, if a complaint based on any of the covered agreements is brought by a developing country Member against a developed country Member, the complaining party shall have the right to invoke, as an alternative to the provisions contained in Articles 4, 5, 6 and 12 of this Understanding, the corresponding provisions of the Decision of 5 April 1966 (BISD 14S/18), except that where the Panel considers that the time-frame provided for in paragraph 7 of that Decision is insufficient to provide its report and with the agreement of the complaining party, that time-frame may be extended.

if it concludes that the reasons from point 1 of the first paragraph of Article 25 exist but the conditions for rejecting a lawsuit under the second paragraph of the preceding article do not.

When establishing that the action is unintelligible or incomplete, or affected by any shortcomings with respect to the parties` capacity to sue, the statutory representation of a party, or to the right of the representative to commence a litigation, when a special permit is necessary for this purposes, or that a party is not represented by a person who may be an attorney pursuant to the provisions of the present Act, the presiding judge may order necessary measures provided in Articles 81, 87 and 108 above in order to remove such shortcomings.

In respect of damage resulting from the death or injury of a passenger, an action may be brought before one of the courts mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article, or in the territory of a State Party in which at the time of the accident the passenger has his or her principal and permanent residence and to or from which the carrier operates services for the carriage of passengers by air, either on its own aircraft, or on another carrier` s aircraft pursuant to a commercial agreement, and in which that carrier conducts its business of carriage of passengers by air from premises leased or owned by the carrier itself or by another carrier with which it has a commercial agreement.

that the facts upon which the claim is based upon are in contradiction with evidence adduced by the plaintiff or with judicial knowledge.

The plaintiff may in action join several claims against the same defendant if all of those claims are based upon the same factual and legal ground.

In cases specified by the present Act, claims may also be determined on the basis of procedural acts made in writing, and on the basis of hearsay or circumstantial evidence.

If it does not, or if in the opinion of the court the explanation is satisfactory, the court shall rule on the case; otherwise it shall reject the lawsuit.

In addition, in examining a complaint against a developing country Member, the panel shall accord sufficient time for the developing country Member to prepare and present its argumentation.

A Member State which considers that another Member State has failed to fulfil an obligation under the Constitution may bring the matter before the Court of Justice of the European Union.

In any such action, punitive, exemplary or any other non-compensatory damages shall not be recoverable.

For purposes of the present Chapter, a small claim dispute shall denote a dispute on a monetary claim where the amount of dispute does not exceed 200,000 tolars.

A person intending to bring an action may attempt to solve the dispute by a court settlement through medium of the court on the territory of which the opposing party resides.

(2) In a case from the preceding paragraph, the court shall decide in the same way as it did in the model procedure, and may also decide on all the lawsuits with a single ruling.

The court shall forward the action to the defendant within 30 days after it has been filed, or within 30 days after the decision has been passed in respect of the motion for exemption from payment of court fees.

(5) Attached to the lawsuit must be the original or a complete written copy or an extract from the documents concerning the case, if they are not already contained in the administrative file.

In the small claims procedures, the plaintiff shall state all facts and adduce all evidence in the action, while the defendant shall do so in his defense plea.

The judge shall proceed with the action even if the plaintiff has not stated the legal ground of his claim; If the legal ground of the claim is stated, the judge shall not be bound thereby.

The General Court shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine actions or proceedings brought against decisions of the specialised courts.

Where the General Court finds that it does not have jurisdiction to hear and determine an action in respect of which the Court of Justice has jurisdiction, it shall refer that action to the Court of Justice.

(a) the complaining party shall present a detailed justification in support of any complaint relating to a measure which does not conflict with the relevant covered agreement;

The Party to the dispute requesting arbitration pursuant to Article 34, paragraph 3, shall inform the other Party in writing of the claim and of the grounds on which its claim is based.

If the claims are based upon a different factual and legal ground, or filed against several defendants, the jurisdiction shall be determined according to the value of each separate claim.

In commercial litigations, small claims shall deem to comprise any claim wherein the amount in dispute does not exceed 500,000 tolars.

In other non-monetary claims, the amount in dispute shall be defined as the amount stated by the plaintiff in action..

If the plaintiff fails to advance the costs envisaged to be incurred by the temporary representative appointed to the defendant, the court shall reject the action.

Until the appointment of the main hearing, the court may declare the lack of territorial jurisdiction upon a jurisdictional plea by the defendant, provided that the such plea is not filed later than along with his defence plea.

The plaintiff who withdraws the action shall refund the defendant the costs of proceedings, except if the action is withdrawn after the defendant has satisfied the claim.

If some of the claims are to be decided upon by a panel of judges and the other ones by a single judge, all the claims shall be decided upon by the panel.

The action which contains all matter set forth in Article 180 of the present Act and in respect of which the due amount of court fee has been paid shall be served by the court upon the defendant to make a defense plea.

The plea of defense shall contain a statement of grounds indicating whether the defendant refutes the whole claim of plaintiff or only a party thereof and, in the latter case, which particular part.