Influenza A virus is confirmed by precipitin lines formed by test antigen and known positive antigen against a known positive antiserum coalescing to give a line of identity.

Serological studies for detection of antibodies against Legionella, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and psittaci, influenza virus types A and B, RSV, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus were performed.

(2) A human case due to infection with the avian influenza virus strain has also been reported in Thailand.

In case of a pandemic situation with respect to human diseases other than the human influenza virus, the first paragraph and Article 7 may be applied mutatis mutandis.

(3) In order to control the spread of infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus the Commission has approved a vaccination programme by Commission Decision 2002/975/EC(6).

(8) On basis of Decision 2003/214/EC of 27 March 2003 concerning protective measures in relation to avian influenza in the Netherlands fn, of Decision 2003/275/EC of 16 April 2003 concerning protection measures in relation to a strong suspicion of avian influenza in Belgium fn, and of Decision 2003/333/EC of 12 May 2003 concerning protection measures in relation to a strong suspicion of avian influenza in Germany fn, respectively, the Dutch, the Belgian and German authorities have started preventive emptying and culling of poultry in holdings and areas at risk, in order to avoid further spreading of the virus.

In case of a pandemic situation with respect to the human influenza virus, duly recognised by the World Health Organisation or by the Community in the framework of Decision 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(8), the Commission may exceptionally and temporarily consider the variation to the terms of the market authorisation for human influenza vaccines to be accepted after an application has been received and before the end of the procedure laid down in Article 7. Nevertheless, complete clinical safety and efficacy data can be submitted during this procedure.

Active immunisation against H5N1 subtype of Influenza A virus.

The preferred method to show the presence of influenza A virus is to demonstrate the possession of the nucleocapsid or matrix antigens which are shared by all influenza A virus.

poultry suspected of being contaminated shall mean any poultry which may have been directly or indirectly exposed to the avian influenza virus, or influenza A virus of H5 subtype or H7 subtype;

DEFINITIONS OF 'AVIAN INFLUENZA' AND 'NEWCASTLE DISEASE' CHAPTER I Avian influenza 'Avian influenza' means an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus which has an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in six-week-old chickens greater than 1,2 or any infection with influenza A virus of H5 or H7 sub-type for which nucleotide sequencing has demonstrated the presence of multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin.

Aflunov was expected to be used in adults and the elderly to protect against flu caused by the H5N1 strain (type) of the influenza A virus.

The CHMP decided that Prepandrix’ s benefits are greater than its risks for active immunisation against H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus.

Prepandrix is a vaccine for use in adults aged between 18 and 60 years to protect against flu caused by the H5N1 strain (type) of the influenza A virus.

The CHMP decided that the benefits of ‘ Prepandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted) GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals ’ are greater than its risks for active immunisation against H5N1 subtype of influenza A virus.

'Avian influenza' means an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus which has an intravenous pathogenicity index in six-week-old chickens greater than 1.2 or any infection with influenza A viruses of H5 or H7 subtype for which nucleotide sequencing has demonstrated the presence of multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin.

What is the vaccine used for? ‘ Prepandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted) GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals ’ is a vaccine for use in adults aged between 18 and 60 years to protect against flu caused by the H5N1 strain (type) of the influenza A virus.

poultry suspected of being infected shall mean any poultry showing clinical signs or post-mortem lesions which are such that the presence of avian influenza may reasonably be suspected or any poultry in which the presence of influenza A virus of subtype H5 or H7 has been demonstrated;

For manufacturing the vaccine the influenza virus was killed and prepared in a special way that the vaccine only contains influenza virus surface proteins (influenza virus surface antigens).

confirm that the isolate is an influenza A virus using an immunodoublediffusion test to detect group antigens as described in Chapter 9 (immunofluorescence or ELISA techniques to detect group antigens may be used if preferred by the national laboratory);

building up and retaining a collection of avian influenza virus strains and isolates;

The vaccine stimulates active immunity against Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H5.

As a consequence, these components induce immunity against equine influenza virus (H3N8).

The vaccine stimulates active immunity against Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H7N1.

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04)

Nobilis Influenza H7N1 is a vaccine containing an inactivated avian influenza virus H7N1 (inactivated means that the virus has been killed so that it can no longer cause the disease).

Nobilis Influenza H5N2 is a vaccine containing an inactivated avian influenza virus H5N2 (inactivated means that the virus has been killed so that it cannot cause the disease any more).

Nobilis Influenza H5N6 is a vaccine containing an inactivated avian influenza virus H5N6 (inactivated means that the virus has been killed so that it cannot cause the disease any more).

For active immunisation of chickens and ducks against avian influenza virus type A, subtype H5.

This vaccine has some of the same ingredients but a different antigen (virus) to Nobilis Influenza H7N1.

It is a suspension for injection that contains some parts (outer membranes) of the influenza (flu) virus.

It is a suspension for injection that contains influenza (flu) viruses that have been inactivated (killed).

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04)) > 1:40 HI Units

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04) > 1:40 HI units per dose

The virulence of influenza epidemics is not predictable and varies within a region and from season to season, therefore the number needed to treat (NNT) in order to prevent one case of influenza illness varies.

Oseltamivir given orally inhibits influenza A and B virus replication and pathogenicity in vivo in animal models of influenza infection at antiviral exposures similar to that achieved in man with 75 mg twice daily.

Influenza A/ equi-2/ Ohio/ 03 [ H3N8 ] recombinant Canarypox virus (vCP2242)............≥ 5.3 log10 FAID*50 Influenza A/ equi-2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93 [ H3N8 ] recombinant Canarypox virus (vCP1533) ≥ 5.3 log10 FAID*50 * Fluorescent assay infectious dose 50 % Adjuvant:

Influenza A/ equi-2/ Ohio/ 03 [ H3N8 ] recombinant Canarypox virus (vCP2242) ≥ 5.3 log10 FAID*50 Influenza A/ equi-2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93 [ H3N8 ] recombinant Canarypox virus (vCP1533) ≥ 5.3 log10 FAID*50 *Fluorescent assay infectious dose 50 % Clostridium tetani toxoid

Poulvac FluFend H5N3 RG is a vaccine containing an inactivated avian influenza virus H5N3 (inactivated means that the virus has been killed so that it cannot cause the disease anymore).

IDflu contains three different strains (types) of influenza virus (A/ New Caledonia/ 20/ 99, A/ Wisconsin/ 67/ 2005 and B/ Malaysia/ 2506/ 2004).

The active metabolite is a selective inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase enzymes, which are glycoproteins found on the virion surface.

Intanza contains three different strains (types) of influenza virus (A/ New Caledonia/ 20/ 99, A/ Wisconsin/ 67/ 2005 and B/ Malaysia/ 2506/ 2004).

Split influenza virus, inactivated, containing antigen equivalent to A/ VietNam/ 1194/ 2004 (H5N1) like strain used (NIBRG-14) * haemagglutinin

it must submit samples of each avian influenza virus or paramyxovirus found in the event of a suspected outbreak to specific laboratory testing;

It consists of a suspension for injection that contains some parts (outer membranes) of the influenza (flu) virus strain called A/ VietNam/ 1194/ 2004.

In studies under laboratory conditions, horses were challenged (infected) with equine influenza virus the clinical signs and the excretion of the influenza virus after the challenge were compared between vaccinated and control animals (non vaccinated animals or vaccinated with a competitor product).

a national laboratory at which facilities and expert personnel shall be maintained to permit assessment of the pathogenicity of influenza virus isolates, in accordance with Annex III, Chapter 7, and identification of influenza A viruses of H5 or H7 subtypes;

Hexavac is a hexavalent vaccine which contains combined antigens derived from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetani, Bordetella pertussis, Hepatitis B virus, polio virus and Haemophilus influenzae type b.

This means that a gene from two different equine influenza strains (A/ equi-2/ Ohio/ 03 and A/ equi- 2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93) was inserted in two live canary pox vector viruses respectively which made them capable to produce parts of these influenza strains (specific proteins).

It contains proteins from Haemophilus influenzae type b (‘ Hib’, a bacterium that can cause meningitis) and parts of the hepatitis B virus as active substances.