For RT-PCR assay negative serum samples on BVD antibodies were chosen.

Overall, 41 samples from the urethra, cervix and urine were tested with cell culture, DIF and PCR methods.

The commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay, Amplicor Chlamydia Trachomatis Test, for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in patients with urogenital infections was compared with cell culture of Clamydia trachomatis and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay.

Some methods are pestivirus rather than classical swine fever specific, requiring further confirmatory tests, such as sequencing of the PCR product.

It must be used as reference test for the confirmation of positive results of prior antigen ELISA, PCR or FAT, indirect peroxidase-staining methods respectively.

Since this test detects only a genome sequence of the virus, the PCR may be positive, even when there is no infectious virus present (e.g. in autolysed tissues or samples from convalescent pigs).

A positive result for classical swine fever to a genome or antigen detection test requires that the test in question has been performed using classical swine fever virus-specific antibodies or primers.

PCR test

Materials for the PCR test

PCR test (section III.4).

Interpretation of the PCR test result:

Virus isolation and the PCR are the most suitable tests for that purpose.

For these reasons the direct PCR cannot be used as a sole screening test.

Aliquot for the IF test (this section, 2.), the ELISA test (this section, 3.) and/or the PCR test (this section, 4.).

Other appropriate screening tests are the IF test (section III.2), the ELISA test (section III.3) and the PCR test (section III.4).

More important perhaps, it also dilutes potential inhibitors of the ELISA or PCR test.

Ralstonia solanacearum in enrichment broth can thus be detected by IF, ELISA and PCR.

subjected to a virus isolation test or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on blood samples collected at commencement and conclusion of, and at least every seven days (virus isolation test) or at least every 28 days (PCR test) during, semen collection for this consignment, with negative results.

The PCR test is negative if the characteristic 288 bp fragment is not detected and the fragment is detected for the positive control strain of Ralstonia solanacearum.

The PCR test is positive if the 288 bp fragment is detected and REA-analysis of the amplified fragment is identical with the positive control strain of Ralstonia solanacearum.

PCR has the potential for very sensitive detection although the test is readily inhibited by plant or tuber extract components resulting in false negatives.

The addition of 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone-40000 MWT (PVP-40) is recommended when performing the direct PCR test to reduce the incidence of amplification inhibition by aromatic molecules in the extract.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is applied to detect the virus genome in blood, serum, tissues or organ samples. Small fragments of viral DNA are amplified by PCR to detectable quantities. A wide range of isolates belonging to all the known virus genotypes, including both non-haemadsorbing viruses and isolates of low virulence, can be detected by using primers from a highly conserved region of the genome. Since this test detects only a genome sequence of the virus, the PCR may be positive, even when no infectious virus is detected by virus isolation (e.g. in autolysed tissues or samples from convalescent pigs or from pigs which have recovered and become clinically normal).

Virus isolation and identification by HAD are recommended as a reference test for the confirmation of positive results of a prior ELISA, PCR or DIFT. They are also recommended when ASF has already been confirmed by other methods, particularly in case of a primary outbreak or case of ASF.

Virus isolation and HAD must be considered as the reference virological tests and must be used as confirmatory tests when necessary. Their use is particularly recommended where positive DIF or PCR results are not associated with the detection of clinical signs or lesions of disease and in any other doubtful cases.

The HAD technique is recommended for the identification of ASF virus isolates due to its high sensitivity and specificity. HAD is based on the capability of the ASF virus to replicate in pig macrophages and induce haemadsorption in the presence of pig erythrocytes. A characteristic `rosette` of erythrocytes develops around the infected macrophages. However, a small number of field ASF virus strains may not induce haemadsorption, but they produce a cytopathic effect. These strains may be specifically identified using the DIF test on the sediments of the cell cultures or by PCR.

% Patients HBV DNA negative by PCR

patients with evaluable baseline histology (baseline Knodell Necroinflammatory Score ≥ 2) b a primary endpoint c Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR assay (LLOQ = 300 copies/ ml)

patients with evaluable baseline histology (baseline Knodell Necroinflammatory Score ≥ 2) b a primary endpoint. c Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR assay (LLOQ = 300 copies/ ml)

Techniques using the PCR have been developed to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis.

These strains may be specifically identified using the DIF test on the sediments of the cell cultures or by PCR.

SEM: Standard error of mean 2 Roche COBAS Amplicor® PCR Assay (lower limit of quantification ≤ 300 copies/ ml). 3 HBeAg-positive n = 443 and 444, HBeAg-negative n = 219 and 219, for both telbivudine and lamivudine groups, respectively.

Eligible patients for these trials had chronic hepatitis C confirmed by a positive HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (> 30 IU/ml), a liver biopsy consistent with a histological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis with no other cause for the chronic hepatitis, and abnormal serum ALT.

Testing shall be by radioactive or non-radioactive labeled cDNA or RNA-probes, return-PAGE (with silver staining) or RT-PCR.

The detection of antigens or genome of swine vesicular disease virus by means of ELISA and PCR has the same diagnostic value as virus isolation.

Defined as HCV-RNA below limit of detection using a research based R T-PCR assay at end of treatment and during follow-up period

Defined as HCV-RNA below limit of detection using a research based period RT-PCR assay at end of treatment and during follow-up

Outcome for key efficacy end points at 104 weeks based on week 24 results Therapeutic PCR-negative HBeAg ALT Virological response HBV DNA seroconversion normalisation breakthrough* n/ N (%) n/ N (%) n/ N (%) n/ N (%) n/ N (%)

Of these varicella-like rashes, 10 had specimens that were available and adequate for PCR testing.

Of these 53 zosteriform rashes, 41 had specimens that were available and adequate for PCR testing.

Virus isolation and identification by HAD are recommended as a reference test for the confirmation of positive results of a prior ELISA, PCR or DIFT.

However, virus isolation must be considered as the reference test and must be used as confirmatory test when necessary, in particular if a positive ELISA or PCR result is not associated with:

Their use is particularly recommended where positive DIF or PCR results are not associated with the detection of clinical signs or lesions of disease and in any other doubtful cases.

Since this test detects only a genome sequence of the virus, the PCR may be positive, even when no infectious virus is detected by virus isolation (e.g. in autolysed tissues or samples from convalescent pigs or from pigs which have recovered and become clinically normal).

Among HBeAg-negative patients, differences in therapeutic response (78 % vs 66 %) and key secondary endpoints (mean log10 HBV DNA reduction: -5.00 vs -4.17, and PCR negativity:

The PCR technique is rapid (the results are usually available within 24 hours), detects all genotypes of swine vesicular disease virus, and is sufficiently sensitive for use on samples collected from cases of suspect clinical disease.

Of the 17 reported noninjection-site zosteriform and varicella-like rashes, 10 specimens were available and adequate for PCR testing.

Telbivudine-treated patients who achieved PCR negativity by week 24 had the highest rates of PCR negativity and HBeAg seroconversion (in HBeAg-positive patients), and the lowest overall rates of virological breakthrough at week 104.

Eligible patients for these trials had chronic hepatitis C confirmed by a positive HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) (> 100 copies/ ml), a liver biopsy consistent with

Eligible patients for these trials had chronic hepatitis C confirmed by a positive HCV-RNA polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) (> 100 copies/ ml), a liver biopsy consistent with a histologic diagnosis of chronic hepatitis with no other cause for the chronic hepatitis, and abnormal serum ALT. lp