CLINICAL EXAMINATION

evaluation of sensation, sweat patterns tests, wrinkling test, tactile adherence test and sympathetic skin response (SSR) are presented.

The clinical examination must include the taking of body temperature and must primarily concern the following pigs or group of pigs:

The clinical examination must take into account the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease and the way in which animals of susceptible species are kept.

The clinical examination must include taking the body temperature and must primarily concern the following pigs or group of pigs:

Besides history of ilness and clinical features, x ray of abdomen, and US are important.

Clinical criteria's laboratory examinations, polusomnograpic methods and HLA type are discussed.

Conventional sensibility test are neither quantitative nor selective with regard to different modalities of sensations.

Definitely, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is still clinical and requires the broad clinical knowledge.

Electroretinography is a noninvasive and objective, yet nonstandardised examination technique, which has been in clinical use for number of years.

As these tests do not localize the lesion, they should be complemented by a physical examination and other investigations.

1960-1984 /clinical examination only/, 1985-1987 /ultrasaund in at-risk group/ and 1988-1995 /ultrasaund screening/.

HIV infection is diagnosed on the basis of epidemiological data, clinical picture, immunological and virological tests.

Further, the clinical picture including different symptoms and signs is highlighted.

they should be considered in differential diagnosis of COPD.

Besico standard clinical examination and motor soring. Benton visual retention (BVRT), Stroop, verbal fluency, and digit span tests were performed.

Clinical evaluation consisted of the patients medical history, neurological examination, laboratory investigation and each one underwent the myelography with computer tomography (CT).

A complete history, careful physical examination of the whole patient, basic laboratory tests, chest x-ray and ultrasound abdominal examination are sufficient to obtain the diagnosis in majority of the cases.

The diagnosis is based on clinical tests and noninvasive imaging techniques, the most widely used being ultrasound and the most useful MRI.

Ultrasound diagnostics of breast is a complementary techique to clinical examination of women under 35 in whom symptoms of a breast disease have been observed, as well as to nonconclusive mammograms.

Ethical limits for biopsies in patients with COPD have also restrictive influence on research of etiopathogenesis and pathology with modern methodologies in human bioptic specimens.

Following clinical noninvasive and invasive diagnostics, identifying calcified aortic valve stenosis, three patients were operated upon using right minimally invasive approach for the aortic valve replacement.

In conclusion, brain perfusion scintigraphy allows quick and easy confirmation of brain death after the clinical criteria are met. It can also be performed in patients where other methods can not be performed or are inconclusive.

Despite many diagnostic techniques, clinical examination remains the basic method for it's detection. However, clinical signs of heart failure are neither specific nor sensitive and can lead to incorrect therapeutic decisions.

A retrospective study was performed. With the help of computer data we found and than analysed 16 patients with miliary tuberculosis in the three year period. We followed the following variables: age, sex, history, clinical examination, basic laboratory results of blood and urine samples analysis, chest X-ray, microbiologic examinationfor the Mycobacterium tuberculosae and the course, complications and effectivness of antituberculotic treatment of miliary tuberculosis.

The end-stage sudomotor and sensory using quantitative electrophysiological investigations (recovery of sensory nerve action potentials - SNAP and sympathetic skin response - SSR), the ninhydrin test and clinical testing of sensory regeneration (light touch, pain, static and dynamic two-point discrimination).

Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 11(1)(f), second subparagraph of Directive 2001/89/EC, in order that authorisation may be given to move pigs from holdings located in protection or surveillance zones in accordance with Article 10(3) of the said Directive, the clinical examination to be carried out by an official veterinarian must:

a clinical examination must be carried out in accordance with the procedures laid down in A.2 and 3;

the number and outcome of clinical and epidemiological investigations as referred to in Article 12(1),

an inspection in each sub-unit of the holding must be carried out to select the pigs to be clinically examined.

Guidelines and procedures for clinical examination and sampling on pigs in suspected holdings

a clinical examination, as laid down in subparagraph 3, and blood sampling as laid down in subparagraph 5 must be carried out in the sub-unit where the dead or moribund pigs were kept; and

provides guidelines and minimum requirements on diagnostic procedures, sampling methods and criteria for the evaluation of the results of clinical and post-mortem examinations and laboratory tests for a proper diagnosis of classical swine fever(1);

Member States shall ensure that appropriate clinical examinations, sampling and laboratory investigations are carried out in suspected holdings to confirm or exclude classical swine fever, in accordance with the guidelines and procedures laid down in subparagraphs 2 to 7.

In order that the restrictions referred to in Article 11 of Directive 2001/89/EC may be lifted in a surveillance zone, a clinical examination must be carried out in all holdings in the zone in accordance with the procedures laid down in A.2.

pigs on all holdings have undergone clinical and, where necessary, laboratory examinations as laid down in the diagnostic manual in order to detect the eventual presence of African swine fever virus.

When reference is made to this paragraph, the clinical examination in the holding in question must be carried out on pigs selected at random in the sub-units for which a risk of introduction of classical swine fever virus has been identified or is suspected.

pigs on all holdings have undergone clinical and laboratory examinations carried out in accordance with the diagnostic manual in order to detect the possible presence of African swine fever virus.

In the case of pigs to be moved to another holding, in addition to the investigations to be carried out in accordance with subparagraph 1, a clinical examination of pigs must be carried out in each sub-unit of the holding in which the pigs to be moved are kept.

However, an accurate evaluation of the results of the serological tests must be carried out taking into account the whole clinical, virological and epidemiological findings, in the framework of the enquiry to be carried out in case of suspicion or confirmation of classical swine fever, in accordance with Article 8 of Directive 2001/89/EC.

In case of pigs to be moved to a slaughterhouse, to a processing plant or to other places to be then killed or slaughtered, in addition to the investigations to be carried out in accordance with subparagraph 1, a clinical examination of pigs must be carried out in each sub-unit in which the pigs to be moved are kept.

"pig suspected of being infected with African swine fever virus" shall mean any pig or pig carcase exhibiting clinical symptoms or showing post mortem lesions or reactions to laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the diagnostic manual which indicate the possible presence of African swine fever;

If, after the examination carried out in a suspected holding, clinical signs or lesions suggestive of classical swine fever are not detected, but further laboratory tests are deemed necessary by the competent authority to rule out classical swine fever, the sampling procedures laid down in subparagraph 5 shall be used for guidance purposes.

If further clinical signs or lesions that may suggest classical swine fever are detected in a suspected holding, but the competent authority deems that these findings are not sufficient to confirm an outbreak of classical swine fever and that laboratory tests are therefore necessary, blood samples for laboratory tests must be taken from the suspected pigs and from other pigs in each sub-unit in which the suspected pigs are kept, in accordance with the procedures laid down below.

Clinical investigations

Clinical investigation

The objectives of clinical investigation are:

The poultry must undergo a clinical examination by an authorized veterinarian and where necessary samples must be taken to monitor their state of health, at least at the end of the periods specified in paragraph 1.

Whereas, with regard to the category of products concerned and to the need to avoid any deterioration of the health status on the territory of the Community, it is necessary to establish an isolation and observation period followed by clinical examination;

Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 11(1)(f), second subparagraph, of Directive 2002/60/EC, in order that authorisation may be given to move pigs from holdings located in protection or surveillance zones in accordance with Article 10(3) of the said Directive, the clinical examination to be carried by an official veterinarian must: