monopoly

monopoly of information

import monopoly

fiscal monopoly

State monopoly

It shall likewise apply to monopolies delegated by the State to others.

If a State monopoly of a commercial character has rules which are designed to make it easier to dispose of agricultural products or obtain for them the best return, steps should be taken in applying this Article to ensure equivalent safeguards for the employment and standard of living of the producers concerned.

These provisions shall likewise apply to monopolies delegated by the State to others.

The provisions of this Article will also apply to State monopolies, which are established after the date of signature of the Agreement.

Polarity (unipolar and bipolar) refers to the number of electrical poles used in electrocautery.

Examples include industrial policy, regional development, the supply of public goods and the existence of so called ` natural` monopolies.

Over the last few decades however, globalisation of markets, technological changes and deregulation of previously monopolistic markets have called for readjustment and restructuring of the state-owned sector.

Member States shall adjust any State monopolies of a commercial character so as to ensure that no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between nationals of Member States.

The Contracting Parties shall ensure that any State monopoly of a commercial character be adjusted so that no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed will exist between nationals of EC Member States and EFTA States.

(b) decision by an importing government operating a monopoly of trade or state trading in the product concerned to shift, for non commercial reasons, imports from the complaining Member to another country or countries;

Undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest or having the character of an income-producing monopoly shall be subject to the provisions of the Constitution, in particular to the rules on competition, insofar as the application of such provisions does not obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them.

Undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest or having the character of a revenue-producing monopoly shall be subject to the rules contained in this Agreement, in particular to the rules on competition, in so far as the application of such rules does not obstruct the performance, in law or in fact, of the particular tasks assigned to them.

Factors which may be relevant in this respect include, inter alia, the volumes and prices of non subsidized imports of the product in question, contraction in demand or changes in the patterns of consumption, trade restrictive practices of and competition between the foreign and domestic producers, developments in technology and the export performance and productivity of the domestic industry.

In the light of the results of these reviews, within the framework of their respective agricultural policies and taking into account the results of the Uruguay Round, the Contracting Parties will decide, within the framework of this Agreement, on a preferential, bilateral or multilateral, reciprocal and mutually beneficial basis, on further reductions of any type of barriers to trade in the agricultural sector, including those resulting from State monopolies of a commercial character in the agricultural field.

The following institutions under public law enjoying a monopoly (Monopolanstalten):

It never featured advertisements which justifies its monopoly over public funding.

This could be the case when a TO tries to take advantage of its monopoly for certain services (for instance:

One of the basic problems of media markets in post-socialist countries is monopolies over press distribution.

The bbc lost its monopoly in the 1960s with the founding of itv.

The majority of these countries inherited state-run monopolists in the radio and television broadcasting sector from the previous system.

State monopoly.

The Broadcasting Act provides a monopoly for the public national radio and television organization örf.

This has transformed a sector traditionally characterised by State monopolies into a dynamic industry ready to take full advantage of the global market.

Other threats to media pluralism include the monopolisation of print media distribution and of the distribution of radio and television signals via cable networks.

To this list of hindrances we should add restrictions on freedom of expression (in fact, the state held a monopoly on public expression) that were implemented by way of various formal or informal interfering with the journalistic process.

in particular, they may take advantage of their monopoly or at least dominant position to acquire a foothold or to extend their power in non-reserved neighbouring markets, to the detriment of competitors and customers.

When the market share in itself does not suffice to give the TOs a dominant position, it could do it in combination with the other factors such as the monopoly for the network or other related services and a powerful and wide distribution network.

The Portuguese Republic shall progressively adjust, during the first stage, the monopoly held by EPAC for importing and marketing rice in Portugal, so as to ensure that, on expiry of the first stage, no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between nationals of Member States.

Therefore, the Community industry was not enjoying a near-monopoly situation.

This monopoly may continue to determine the origin and the conditions of acquisition of a share of crude oil imports, from third countries, necessary to ensure availability of supply on the Spanish market, whilst complying with the provisions of the EEC Treaty, and in particular those relating to free movement contained in Articles 30 and 37 of that Treaty.

It is true that only political parties are allowed to compete in the elections, but this by no means implies that they have a monopoly over the shaping of the political world; various interest groups may engage in politics, if they wish to do so, and the Church is one such group.

The Portuguese Republic shall progressively adjust, during the first four years following accession, the monopoly held by EPAC for importing and marketing cereals in Portugal so as to ensure that, on expiry of the fourth year, no discrimination regarding the conditions under which goods are procured and marketed exists between nationals of Member States.

progressive elimination of the import monopoly held by EPAC over a period of four years;

The adjustment of the monopoly of products indicated in the list appearing in Annex VI may not necessarily affect the functioning of the Spanish petroleum monopoly with regard to third countries.

If a State monopoly of a commercial character has rules which are designed to make it easier to dispose of agricultural products or obtain for them the best return, steps should be taken in applying the rules contained in this Article to ensure equivalent safeguards for the employment and standard of living of the producers concerned.

The Commission shall consult the Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Monopolies:

In most of these countries, private persons were legally prevented from founding media outlets (in most cases newspapers were subject to very strict licensing requirements); the appointment of editors was a mechanism designed to secure political loyalty and in the broadcast Weld, state-run radio and television broadcasters held a strong monopoly.

The Advisory Committee shall be composed of officials competent in the matter of restrictive practices and monopolies.

In democratic societies the prevention of media monopolization is the responsibility of the state.

Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Monopolies in the Transport Industry:

If a State monopoly of a commercial character has rules which are designed to make it easier to dispose of agricultural products or obtain for them the best return, steps should be taken in applying the rules contained in this Article to ensure equivalent safeguards for the employment and standard of living of the producers concerned, account being taken of the adjustments that will be possible and the specialization that will be needed with the passage of time.

Joint declaration on the elimination of monopolies existing in the new Member States in the sphere of agriculture

The traditional monopolistic administrations cannot alone take up the challenge of the technological revolution.

Consequently, one decade of change in the broadcasting market may be described as ending in the replacement of the state monopoly with the commercial sector monopoly.

The level of fares decreases when a market passes from monopoly to duopoly or towards more than two carriers.