Member States shall ensure that undertakings which operate public telephone networks make caller location information available to authorities handling emergencies, to the extent technically feasible, for all calls to the single European emergency call number "112".

'automated clearing house (ACH)` means an electronic clearing system, based on a set of procedures, whereby credit and financial institutions present and exchange data and/or documents relating to cross-border credit transfers, primarily via magnetic media or telecommunications networks and handled by a dataprocessing centre;

Subnetwork-type dependent requirements for Network Layer, Data Link Layer and Physical Layer concerning permanent access to a packet-switched data network using virtual calls.

In this case, in accordance with national law, the data containing the identification of the calling subscriber will be stored and be made available by the provider of a public communications network and/or publicly available electronic communications service;

The providers of publicly available electronic communications services should inform their subscribers of the existence of calling and connected line identification in the network and of all services which are offered on the basis of calling and connected line identification as well as the privacy options which are available.

'automated clearing house (ACH)` means an electronic clearing system, based on a set of procedures, whereby credit and financial institutions present and exchange data and/or documents relating to cross-border credit transfers, primarily via magnetic media or telecommunications networks and handled by a dataprocessing centre;

This Decision establishes a common technical regulation covering the technical characteristics, electrical and mechanical interface requirements, and access control protocol to be provided by terminal equipment which is capable of and intended by the manufacturer or his representative for connection to a T, or coincident S and T, reference point for a basic access at an interface to a public telecommunications network presented as a pan-European ISDN (Euro-ISDN) basic access point and intended for participation in calls that use on demand packet-mode basic services.

At the same time, given the cost of investment in local access network infrastructure and/or dependence of the service offerings of the incumbent, competition in provision of full voice telephony services (including the connection, monthly rental and local calls markets) is concentrated on business customers in urban areas.

The bottleneck situation experienced so far for the provision of access and local calls services and now for the provision of high-speed services does not prevent new entrants from developing local networks, at a more limited level, such as in densely populated urban areas, but with these networks they are normally unable to compete nationwide on an equal footing with incumbents, providing the same whole range of services (see below).