High-efficiency cogeneration

High efficiency cogeneration is in this Directive defined by the energy savings obtained by combined production instead of separate production of heat and electricity.

fly ash from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14

The present system will be extended in order to respond better to sustainable development issues (energy efficiency, cogeneration, renewables), and the effectiveness of competition in liberalised markets and its impact on consumers and the energy industry will be followed up.

10 01 16* fly ash from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

10 01 17 fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16

10 01 14* bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

10 01 15 bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14

For the purpose of this Directive high-efficiency cogeneration shall fulfil the following criteria:

"small scale cogeneration" shall mean cogeneration units with an installed capacity below 1 MWe;

"high efficiency cogeneration" shall mean cogeneration meeting the criteria of Annex III;

333 Energy efficiency, cogeneration, energy control

"cogeneration" shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy;

The output from such equipment should not be considered as cogeneration for issuing a guarantee of origin and for statistical purposes.

For practical reasons and based on the fact, that the use of the heat output for different purposes requires different temperature levels of the heat, and that these and other differences influence efficiencies of the cogeneration, cogeneration could be divided into classes such as: "industrial cogeneration", "heating cogeneration" and "agricultural cogeneration".

The amount of primary energy savings provided by cogeneration production defined in accordance with Annex II shall be calculated on the basis of the following formula:

Efficiency criteria of cogeneration

The potential for use of cogeneration as a measure to save energy is underused in the Community at present.

"CHP" (combined heat and power): the simultaneous conversion of primary fuels into mechanical or electrical and thermal energy, meeting certain quality criteria of energy efficiency;

Where cogeneration installations are equipped to generate separate electricity or heat production, such production should not be specified as cogeneration for issuing a guarantee of origin and for statistical purposes.

Cogeneration technologies covered by this Directive

Such a production can be regarded as high-efficiency cogeneration provided it fulfils the efficiency criteria in Annex III(a) and, for cogeneration units with an electrical capacity larger than 25 MW, the overall efficiency is above 70 %.

National potentials for high-efficiency cogeneration

This Directive shall apply to cogeneration as defined in Article 3 and cogeneration technologies listed in Annex I.

The definition of "small scale cogeneration" comprises, inter alia, micro-cogeneration and distributed cogeneration units such as cogeneration units supplying isolated areas or limited residential, commercial or industrial demands.

The principles for defining the efficiency reference values for separate production of heat and electricity referred to in Article 4(1) and in the formula set out in paragraph (b) of this Annex shall establish the operating efficiency of the separate heat and electricity production that cogeneration is intended to substitute.

production from small scale and micro cogeneration units providing primary energy savings may qualify as high-efficiency cogeneration.

Guarantee of origin of electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration

Criteria for analysis of national potentials for high-efficiency cogeneration

reducing the regulatory and non-regulatory barriers to an increase in cogeneration;

"cogeneration unit" shall mean a unit that can operate in cogeneration mode;

For micro-cogeneration units the calculation may be based on certified values.

It is important for transparency to adopt a harmonised basic definition of cogeneration.

"micro-cogeneration unit" shall mean a cogeneration unit with a maximum capacity below 50 kWe;

examine the experiences gained with the application and coexistence of different support mechanisms for cogeneration;

Energy savings of more than 10 % qualify for the term "high-efficiency cogeneration".

fly ash from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

fly ash from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 16

Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings(14) requires the Member States to ensure that for new buildings with a total useful floor area of over 1000 m2, the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of alternative systems, such as cogeneration of heat and power, is considered and taken into account before construction starts.

In this context, the development of cogeneration contributes to enhancing competition, also with regard to new market actors.

"power to heat ratio" shall mean the ratio between electricity from cogeneration and useful heat when operating in full cogeneration mode using operational data of the specific unit;

Each cogeneration unit shall be compared with the best available and economically justifiable technology for separate production of heat and electricity on the market in the year of construction of the cogeneration unit.

CHP Eη is the electrical efficiency of the cogeneration production defined as annual electricity from cogeneration divided by the fuel input used to produce the sum of useful heat output and electricity from cogeneration.

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration containing dangerous substances

bottom ash, slag and boiler dust from co-incineration other than those mentioned in 10 01 14

The specific structure of the cogeneration sector, which includes many small and medium-sized producers, should be taken into account, especially when reviewing the administrative procedures for obtaining permission to construct cogeneration capacity.

consider progress towards realising national potentials for high-efficiency cogeneration referred to in Article 6;