Influenza A virus is confirmed by precipitin lines formed by test antigen and known positive antigen against a known positive antiserum coalescing to give a line of identity.

Serological studies for detection of antibodies against Legionella, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and psittaci, influenza virus types A and B, RSV, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus were performed.

Active immunisation against H5N1 subtype of Influenza A virus.

Oseltamivir carboxylate inhibits influenza A and B neuraminidases in vitro.

The vaccine stimulates active immunity against Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H5.

DEFINITIONS OF 'AVIAN INFLUENZA' AND 'NEWCASTLE DISEASE' CHAPTER I Avian influenza 'Avian influenza' means an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus which has an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in six-week-old chickens greater than 1,2 or any infection with influenza A virus of H5 or H7 sub-type for which nucleotide sequencing has demonstrated the presence of multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin.

confirm that the isolate is an influenza A virus using an immunodoublediffusion test to detect group antigens as described in Chapter 9 (immunofluorescence or ELISA techniques to detect group antigens may be used if preferred by the national laboratory);

For active immunisation of chickens and ducks against avian influenza virus type A, subtype H5.

The preferred method to show the presence of influenza A virus is to demonstrate the possession of the nucleocapsid or matrix antigens which are shared by all influenza A virus.

The vaccine stimulates active immunity against Avian Influenza virus type A, subtype H7N1.

poultry suspected of being contaminated shall mean any poultry which may have been directly or indirectly exposed to the avian influenza virus, or influenza A virus of H5 subtype or H7 subtype;

a national laboratory at which facilities and expert personnel shall be maintained to permit assessment of the pathogenicity of influenza virus isolates, in accordance with Annex III, Chapter 7, and identification of influenza A viruses of H5 or H7 subtypes;

Antiviral activity of oseltamivir was supported for influenza A and B by experimental challenge studies in healthy volunteers.

Neuraminidase enzyme IC50 values for oseltamivir for clinically isolated influenza A ranged from 0.1 nM to 1.3 nM, and for influenza B was 2.6 nM.

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04)

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04)) > 1:40 HI Units

Inactivated recombinant avian influenza virus of H5N3 subtype (strain rg-A/ ck/ VN/ C58/ 04) > 1:40 HI units per dose

This means that a gene from two different equine influenza strains (A/ equi-2/ Ohio/ 03 and A/ equi- 2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93) was inserted in two live canary pox vector viruses respectively which made them capable to produce parts of these influenza strains (specific proteins).

Aflunov was expected to be used in adults and the elderly to protect against flu caused by the H5N1 strain (type) of the influenza A virus.

If the haemagglutinin subtype is not known, evidence for infection with influenza A viruses may be obtained by detecting antibodies directed to the group specific antigens.

Inactivated whole avian influenza virus antigen of H5N2 subtype (strain A/ duck/ Potsdam/ 1402/ 86), inducing an HI titre of ≥ 6.0 log2 as tested according to the potency test.

Inactivated whole avian influenza virus antigen of H7N1 subtype (strain, A/ CK/ Italy/ 473/ 99), inducing an HI titre of ≥ 6.0 log2 as tested according to the potency test.

The vaccine strains vCP2242 and vCP1533 are recombinant canarypox viruses expressing the haemagglutinin HA gene from the equine influenza virus strains A/ equi-2/ Ohio/ 03 (American strain) and A/ equi-2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93 (European strain), respectively.

It consists of a suspension for injection that contains some parts (outer membranes) of the influenza (flu) virus strain called A/ VietNam/ 1194/ 2004.

Inactivated whole avian influenza virus antigen of H5 subtype (strain H5N6, A/ duck/ Potsdam/ 2243/ 84), inducing an HI titre of ≥ 6.0 log2 as tested according to the potency test.

Treatment of influenza in children: In a study of otherwise healthy children (65 % influenza-positive) aged 1 to 12 years (mean age 5.3 years) who had fever (≥ 37.8 °C) plus either cough or coryza, 67 % of influenza-positive patients were infected with influenza A and 33 % with influenza B.

, or more, with polyclonal antisera specific for H5 or H7 subtypes of influenza A and of a titre of at least 29 would serve as preliminary identification enabling the imposition of interim control measures.

if there is suspicion, it must submit samples of each avian influenza virus or paramyxovirus found to specific laboratory testing in accordance with the procedure set out in Annex A;

poultry suspected of being infected shall mean any poultry showing clinical signs or post-mortem lesions which are such that the presence of avian influenza may reasonably be suspected or any poultry in which the presence of influenza A virus of subtype H5 or H7 has been demonstrated;

Naturally occurring mutations in influenza A/ H1N1 virus associated with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir in vitro have been detected in patients who, based on the reported information, have not been exposed to oseltamivir.

It contains parts (subunits) of three equine influenza (flu) strains (‘ A/ equine-1/ Prague/ 1/ 56’, ‘ A/ equine-2/ Newmarket/ 1/ 93’ and ‘ A/ equine- 2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93’). The vaccine is available as a suspension for injection.

It contains parts (subunits) of three equine influenza (flu) strains (‘ A/ equine-1/ Prague/ 1/ 56’, ‘ A/ equine-2/ Newmarket/ 1/ 93’ and ‘ A/ equine- 2/ Newmarket/ 2/ 93’) and tetanus toxoid (chemically inactivated toxin from the tetanus bacterium).

Oseltamivir given orally inhibits influenza A and B virus replication and pathogenicity in vivo in animal models of influenza infection at antiviral exposures similar to that achieved in man with 75 mg twice daily.

'Avian influenza' means an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus which has an intravenous pathogenicity index in six-week-old chickens greater than 1.2 or any infection with influenza A viruses of H5 or H7 subtype for which nucleotide sequencing has demonstrated the presence of multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin.