Definicija: The treaties establishing the European Communities and the Single European Act aim to establish a Common Market, an area without internal frontiers: this entails removing the physical barriers (customs controls of goods and persons, national quota restrictions for non-member countries), technical barriers (different national specifications, standards and regulations; compartmentalization of public contracts; barriers to the freedom of movement of persons, to the freedom to provide services, to the freedom of movement of capital, to competition; legal and fiscal barriers to cooperation between businesses and regarding patent rights) and fiscal barriers (VAT, excise duties, taxes on savings).

Definicija: Umetno omejevanje proste izmenjave blaga in storitev med državami. Najobičajnejše oblike trgovinskih ovir so carine, kvote in nadzor izmenjave. Ovire za trgovino ponavadi uvedejo države, ki želijo na domačem trgu zaščititi domače izdelke pred tujo konkurenco, prav tako želijo zaščititi pogoje poslovanja, zmanjšati domačo nezaposlenost ali izboljšati ravnotežje plačilnega položaja. Na splošno predstavlja učinek trgovinskih ovir zmanjšanje obsega trgovanja in povečanje domačih cen zaščitenih dobrin. Rezultat je torej razmeroma neučinkovita razporeditev svetovnih virov in zmanjševanje ravni celotnega svetovnega prihodka in proizvodnje.

Definicija: Tradable emissions permits are used in an environmental regulatory scheme where the sources of the pollutant to be regulated (most often an air pollutant) are given permits to release a specified number of tons of the pollutant. The government issues only a limited number of permits consistent with the desired level of emissions. The owners of the permits may keep them and release the pollutants, or reduce their emissions and sell the permits. The fact that the permits have value as an item to be sold gives the owner an incentive to reduce their emissions.

Definicija: Tržljiva dovoljenja za emisije se uporabljajo v programih urejanja okolja, kjer se regulirajo viri onesnaževal (najpogosteje zračnih onesnaževal) in kjer so izdana dovoljenja za izpust določenega števila ton onesnaževal. Država izda le omejeno število dovoljenj, skladno z zaželeno stopnjo emisij. Lastniki dovoljenj lahko dovoljenja obdržijo ter izpustijo onesnaževala, ali pa zmanjšajo emisije ter dovoljenja prodajo. Dejstvo, da ima dovoljenje neko prodajno vrednost, lastnika spodbudi k omejevanju emisij.

Definicija: The off-trade market includes all retail outlets like hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores, mini markets, kiosks, wines & spirits shops etc.

Definicija: a body which aims to promote and protect the industry that it represents

Definicija: Commercial discrimination that apply to the exports of certain countries but not to similar goods from other countries.

Definicija: Trgovska diskriminacija, ki se nanaša na izvozne izdelke določene države, ne pa na podobne izdelke druge države.