Definicija: award that is at a level above the PhD (or equivalent professional doctorate in the discipline), and that is typically gained not through a defined programme of study but rather by submission of a substantial body of research-based work

Definicija: the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European and non-English-speaking countries

Definicija: an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world

Definicija: Habilitation in Germany is not a degree, but an additional qualification. This or an equivalent professional experience is - traditionally - the necessary prerequisite for a position of Privatdozent and Professor.